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Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment. Compulsive hoarding behavior has been associated with health risks, impaired functioning, economic burden, and adverse effects on friends and family members. When clinically significant enough to impair functioning, hoarding can prevent typical uses of space, enough so that it can limit activities such as cooking, cleaning, moving through the house, and sleeping. It could also potentially put the individual and others at risk of causing fires, falling, poor sanitation, and other health concerns. Compulsive hoarders may be conscious of their irrational behavior but the emotional attachment to the hoarded objects far exceeds the motive to discard the items. Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.psychiatry.org/hoarding-disorder )〕 It was not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a separate, isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as OCD, but the current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD.〔 Prevalence rates have been estimated at 2-5% in adults,〔Pertusa, A., Frost, R.O., Fullana, M. A., Samuels, J., Steketee, G., Tolin, D., Saxena, S., Leckman, J.F., Mataix-Cols, D. (2010). Refining the boundaries of compulsive hoarding: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 371-386.〕 though the condition typically manifests in childhood with symptoms worsening in advanced age, at which point collected items have grown excessive and family members who would otherwise help to maintain and control the levels of clutter either die or move away. Hoarding appears to be more common in people with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Other factors often associated with hoarding include alcohol dependence, paranoid schizotypal, and avoidance traits. In 2008, a study was conducted to determine if there is a significant link between hoarding and interference in occupational and social functioning. Hoarding behavior is often severe because hoarders do not recognize it as a problem. It is much harder for behavioral therapy to successfully treat compulsive hoarders with poor insight about their disorder. Results show that hoarders were significantly less likely to see a problem in a hoarding situation than a friend or a relative might. This is independent of OCD symptoms, as people with OCD are often very aware of their disorder. ==Signs and symptoms== Compulsive hoarding in its worst forms can cause fires, unsanitary conditions (e.g. rat and roach infestations), and other health and safety hazards. :Listed below are possible symptoms hoarders may experience: :1. They hold onto a large number of items that most people would consider useless or worthless, such as: :: * Junk mail, old catalogs and newspapers. :: * Worn out cooking equipment. :: * Things that might be useful for making crafts. :: * Clothes that "might" be worn one day. :: * Broken things/trash. :: * "Freebies" or other promotional products. :2. Their home is cluttered to the point where many parts are inaccessible and can no longer be used for intended purpose. For example: :: * Beds that cannot be slept in. :: * Kitchens that cannot be used for food preparation, refrigerators filled with rotting food, stove tops with combustibles (such as junk mail, as well as old food piled on top of burners). :: * Tables, chairs or sofas that cannot be used for dining or sitting. :: * Unsanitary bathrooms; piles of human or animal feces collected in areas of the home, giant bags of dirty diapers that have been hoarded for many years. :: * Tubs, showers, and sinks are filled with items to the point where it can no longer be used for washing or bathing. Hoarders would thus possibly forgo bathing. :: * Some hoard animals they cannot even marginally care for; dead animals cannibalized by other animals are often found under the heaps. Animals often suffer due to lack of mobility. :3. Their clutter and mess is at a point where it can cause illness, distress, and impairment. As a result, they: :: * Do not allow visitors in, such as family and friends or repair and maintenance professionals, because the clutter embarrasses them. :: * Are reluctant or unable to return borrowed items. :: * Steal due to the impulse of possession. :: * Keep the shades drawn so that no one can look inside. :: * Get into a lot of arguments with family members regarding the clutter. :: * Are at risk of fire, falling, infestation or eviction.〔http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/real-world-hoarding/〕 :: * Often feeling depressed or anxious due to the clutter.〔(Hoarding Definition ), Mayo Clinic〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Compulsive hoarding」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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